Studies on the Correlation of Ferritin, Glucose and BMI Among the Diabetes, Pre-diabetes and Healthy Individuals in Tertiary Care Hospital -Prospective Study

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern, and increasing evidence suggests that serum ferritin may be associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Obesity and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) are also important risk factors for the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives

To evaluate the correlation between serum ferritin, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), and BMI among healthy individuals, prediabetic individuals, and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Khammam. A total of 150 participants were enrolled and divided into three groups: healthy controls (n=50), prediabetes (n=50), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=50). Fasting blood glucose and serum ferritin levels were estimated, and BMI was calculated from height and weight measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among groups, while Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine associations between FBG, ferritin, and BMI.

Results

The mean FBG levels were 91.25±6.33 mg/dL, 121.70±18.61 mg/dL, and 169.67±38.21 mg/dL in healthy, prediabetic, and diabetic groups, respectively. Mean serum ferritin levels were 24.8±1.98 µg/L, 48.63±12.98 µg/L, and 75.86±19.71 µg/L, respectively. Mean BMI values were 24.12±2.90, 25.20±2.98, and 26.12±2.98 kg/m², respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between FBG and ferritin (r=0.894, p<0.001), FBG and BMI (r=0.301, p=0.006), and ferritin and BMI (r=0.312, p=0.004).

Conclusion

Serum ferritin levels increased progressively from healthy individuals to prediabetic and diabetic individuals and showed significant positive correlations with FBG and BMI. Serum ferritin may have potential value in identifying individuals at increased risk of developing diabetes and its associated complications.