Assessment of Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Physicochemical Standards of Aralia racemosa (L.) root

 Context: Ethnomedicinally, the root of Aralia racemosa L. (Araliaceae) has long been used in various ailments in traditional system; most importantly it is used against rheumatism, whooping cough, skin diseases, pleurisy, diaphoretic, diuretic, asthma, diarrhoea, syphilis, inflammation and hay fever. The main problem experienced in standardization of herbal drugs is lack of proper identification of plant source. So there is need to establish quality control parameters by using pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation, which ensures the purity, safety and efficacy of medicinal plant A. racemosa. Aim: To evaluate pharmacognostic properties including macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical parameters of the root of A. racemosa. Methods: Micro and Macroscopic characters of fresh and dried root samples were investigated. Physicochemical parameters were done by utilizing WHO recommended parameters, preliminary phytochemical and fluorescent analysis of root sample were performed for identification and standardization of root of A. racemosa. Results: The colour, shape, size, odour and surface characteristics were noted from the root and powdered root material of A. racemosa. Light electron microscope images of cross section of root and powdered root revealed that the presence of lignified sclerides, cork cells, lignified spiral vessels, medullary rays and parenchymatous cells. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, volatile oils, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenes and glycosides. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, ash value, extractive value and fluorescent behaviour of root powder were determined. These parameters are useful tools to differentiate the powdered drug material. Conclusion: The present study is helpful to supplement the information with regard to its standardization and identification and in carrying out further research in ayurvedic system of medicine.