Harnessing the Health Benefits and Biological Impact of Fermented Galactomannan from Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) Seeds

Introduction: Recently, polysaccharides from plant sources have been playing a crucial role in various therapeutic applications. Indeed, galactomannan from fenugreek seeds has garnered significant attention from researchers due to its vast pharmaceutical and medical applications. The chemical variation of this compound has a significant impact on numerous biological activities. Objectives: The primary objective of this investigation was to isolate and identify the most potent Galactomannan (GM) fermenting strain among three tested microbes: Lactococcus lactis MTCC 440, Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 170 and Calocybe indica MTCC 109481. Materials and Methods: Among them, Lactococcus lactis fermented GM metabolites were subjected to characterize using FT-IR, GC-MS and 1H NM due to high production of ethanol. Results: The Lactococcus lactis MTCC 440-fermented GM metabolites demonstrated high in vitro biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, and anti-ulcer activities when compared to other fermented GM metabolites. Additionally, these fermented metabolites exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Conclusion: In summary, the fermented galactomannan shows robust biological activity, suggesting that they could be a potential tool for improving human health.