Effect of Pomiferin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Mice by Immunomodulatory Effects and Involvement of the Inflammatory Cytokine Pathway

Background: Cyclophosphamide (Cy) is widely used in oncology and immunology for treating cancers and severe autoimmune diseases. However, its clinical utility is limited by adverse effects such as immunosuppression, hematological alterations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and body weight reduction. Therefore, identifying agents that can mitigate these toxicities is essential. Objectives: To evaluate the protective and immunomodulatory effects of Pomiferin against Cy-induced immunosuppression in male Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: Male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups: normal control, Cy-treated, and two pomiferin-treated groups (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). Cy was administered to induce immunosuppression. Parameters assessed included spleen and thymus indices, hematological markers (RBC, WBC, platelet counts), cytokine levels, immunoglobulins, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Results: Pomiferin treatment significantly restored spleen and thymus indices and normalized hematological parameters. It reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) while enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-12. Immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, IgM) were markedly improved. Additionally, pomiferin decreased oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO) and enhanced antioxidant defences (CAT, SOD, GSH). Conclusion: Pomiferin demonstrates significant protective effects against Cy-induced immunosuppression by modulating immune responses and reducing oxidative stress. These findings suggest its potential as a therapeutic agent for improving immune tolerance and minimizing chemotherapy-induced toxicities.