A Prospective Study on Risk Factors, and Prescription Patterns in Urolithiasis Patients in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Khammam Region

Introduction: Urolithiasis is a hard deposit of minerals and salts that form inside the kidney, ureter, and bladder in the urinary system. Kidney stones are a common disease of the urinary tract. Prevention of stones mainly depends on the mechanisms of the stone formation, daily water intake, and food habits. Aim and Objectives: A prospective observational study was conducted on risk factors, and prescription patterns in urolithiasis patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from August 2022 to February 2023 in Khammam, Telangana. Men and women were included as a sample of subjects aged 18-60 years. The total number of samples was 200. Results: Urolithiasis was more commonly observed in males than females aged 18-60. Urolithiasis developed in individuals who consumed less water, frequently ate non-veg, and had a family history of calculi. Out of 200 patients, only 27 patients had complications like AKI, and abdominal pain and painful incomplete urination was the most reported symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence, risk factors, and prescription pattern of urolithiasis were observed in this study. The Formation of Kidney stones may be due to diet, age progression, gender, obesity, genetics, and lifestyle factors. A better understanding of the epidemiology of urolithiasis is further essential to plan effective treatment and preventive strategies.