Comparative Study of Conventional Drill Bits and a New Model for Low-rotation in the Surgical Bed Preparation in Bone Blocks for Installation of Dental Implants

Background: Many works in Dentistry have aimed toward improving bone regeneration and oral rehabilitation through techniques, procedures and materials of Implantology. Objective of this study is to comparethe heating intensity of bovine blocks, simulating surgical beds using different drills. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 24 blocks divided into 4 groups with different KOPP brand drill models: G1-Conventional drills without irrigation; G2-Experimental drills without irrigation; G3-Conventional drills with irrigation; G4-Experimental drills with irrigation. Perforations were performed with depths of 1.0 and 5.00 mm, drill rotation speed of 150 rpm and torque of 45 N. Two K-type thermocouples were used to measure the temperature of the bone, with the first in the 1 mm deep perforation and the second in the 5 mm perforation. Results: In comparing the conventional and experimental drills treated with the same kind of protocol there was no statistical difference in the depth of 1 mm (p> 0.05), however a statistical difference was observed at the depth of 5 mm (p< 0.05). When comparing the temperature of each drill there was statistical difference between the groups treated with no irrigation (G1 and G2) compared to the groups treated with the irrigation protocol (G3 and G4) and the last two had a significant reduction in the temperature of the two studied depths (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The groups of the bovine blocks treated with irrigation showed lower temperature records when compared to the groups without irrigation protocol in both studied depths.