Role of A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins in Respiratory Disorder

Protein kinase A, plays a crucial role in cAMP signaling and its further downstream regulation of received stimuli. A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP); a binding protein provides a platform to the substrates to perform signaling events. AKAP serve its role in cAMP signaling by interacting with GPCR, PKA, ACs, Epac or PDE. More than 70 AKAP have been identified from which role of some AKAPs have been identified. AKAPs are found in heart, brain, testis, skeletal muscle, pancreas, placenta, oocytes, thyroid, kidney, liver, lungs. Amongst which the regulatory role of some AKAPs like AKAP149, AKAP5, AKAP4 and AKAP18 has been reported in mitochondrial function, recycling of β1-adrenoceptors, sperm motility, and insulin secretion respectively; whereas AKAP149 interaction is involved in reverse transcriptase activity of HIV; mutation in AKAP9 isoform causes prolonged QT interval, AKAP10 causes arrhythmia, risk of colorectal cancer and familial breast cancer. Although its dominating role is majorly reported in heart and brain, few reports are available regarding its role in respiratory system. The probable action of AKAP is via IL-8 release; IL-10, IL-6 and iNOS synthesis; mitochondrial function mediation, ROS generation and apoptosis. In the current review, attempt has been made to explore the general role of AKAPs with special emphasis in respiratory system.