Bacteriological Analysis and Antibiotic Consumption in Various Types of Surgeries

Background: Infection on surgical sites has become a major concern in the field of healthcare. Infection on the surgical site may occur up to 30 days from surgery and up to one year in patients receiving implants. Methods like excellent sterilisation techniques, surgical procedures, and availability of prophylactic antimicrobials are foremost needed. The present study was focused to assess bacteriological analysis and antibiotics consumption in various types of surgeries. Materials and Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted for three months in a tertiary care hospital. All subjects undergoing either clean, clean–contaminated, or contaminated surgeries admitted to the inpatient surgery, and gynaecology department were recruited. Microbial culture and antibiogram results of surgical site infection were recorded and analysed after IEC approval. Results: In this study, around one-third (50 patients; 31.25%), out of 160 patients were found with surgical site infection (SSI). The prevalence of SSI in females as compared to males was high. Furthermore, patients who had undergone clean–contaminated surgery were more prevalent in surgical site infections rather than patients undergoing other types of surgeries. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics by physicians were metronidazole, gentamycin, amikacin, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin with tazobactam. The most predominant pathogens were E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus at SSI. Moreover, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to most of the prescribed antibiotics but highly sensitive against ertapenem, imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, tigecycline, colistin, linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) were the most common isolates associated with post-operative SSIs, followed by Staphylococcus aureus a gram-positive bacillus. Observation of high antibiotic resistance in the current study suggests the necessity for routine microbiological investigation of samples and their antibiogram in order to break the disease spread cycle of resistant microbes.