Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential of Perunus dulcis (Mill.)

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health ailment worldwide. The three main methods of treating diabetes are medication, diet therapy, and insulin therapy. However, these therapy not much significance due to their unavoidable disadvantages. Herbal drugs treatment is a noval strategy to treat DM (Type- II) due to their non-toxic effect. Fruit-producing herbal plants are crucial in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). The main source of lipids, protein, dietary fibre, minerals, Vitamin E, mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), arginine, and minerals is the oil of Perunus dulcis (almond). Carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, lipids, and other phenolic components were found in the oil upon phytochemical analysis. Materials and Methods: In Albino Wistar rats, a single intraperitoneal infusion of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) caused overnight fasting rats to develop Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), after 15 min. of intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg nicotinamide. If glucose level of rat is more than 200 mg/dL as Inclusion criteria in this study. In addition, enzymatic inhibition oxidative stress markers such as DPPH, H2 O2 Radical Scavenging Activity Metal Ion Chelating Activity and Glucose Tolerance Test, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Catalase, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels measured in liver tissue. Statistical analysis of carried out using one-way ANOVA was used to analyse the data, and then the Tukey post-hoc test. Results: Oil of kernals of Perunus dulcis (MILL) investigated against rats with Diabetes mellitus type II showed a significant reduction in (p<0.001) blood glucose level and inhibited key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism i.e. α-amylase and α-glucosidase and also showed antioxidant activity. Conclusion: The findings of this study reflect that oil had antioxidant activities which showed the excellent potential of oil which was comparable to standard. Antioxidants may have a crucial role in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Type II (T2DM), since oxidative stress is linked to the pathophysiology of diabetes.