Amelioration of Freund Complete Adjuvant-induced Rheumatoid Arthritis by Formulated Solid Lipid Nanoparticle of α-Mangostin in Rat Model

Background: The current study compared the anti-arthritic efficacy of formulated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNP) of α-mangostin to its pure ethanolic extract of α-mangostin. Because of its anti-inflammatory property, Alpha-mangostin (α-mangostin) from Garcinia mangostana should be beneficial in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA’s). Formulating a solid lipid nanoparticle with improved bioavailability will be beneficial for the efficacy of the formulation. Materials and Methods: α-mangostin and α-mangostin Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (MSLNP) were tested in a rat model at doses of 75 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg, respectively, for their effectiveness against Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA)-induced rheumatoid arthritis compared with the standard group (Prednisolone). On the 0th, 8th, 15th, 22nd, and 28th days, paw volumes, paw thicknesses, body weight, stair climbing test, mobility test, and arthritis score were measured. Histopathological examination of ankle joints was done after the completion of the 28th day of study. Results: MSLNP showed a significant anti-arthritic effect when compared to pure α-mangostin, possibly by lowering paw edema, paw thickness, and the arthritis score index. It also reduced hyperalgesia by improving mobility and stair climbing abilities in experimental rats. The results of histopathology confirmed the significance of MSLNP compared with α-mangostin for anti-arthritic effect. In experimental animals, the MSNLP had a better anti-rheumatoid effect compared with the pure extract. Conclusion: The observations of the present study contribute to the understanding that MSLNP has shown superior anti-arthritic activity in comparison to the pure ethanolic extract of α-mangostin.