Prevalence of Drug-Related Problems in Patients with Acute Heart Failure Admitted to the Intensive Critical Care Unit

Background: Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) are prevalent among patients with acute heart failure, potentially leading to adverse outcomes. Understanding the prevalence and nature of DRPs is crucial for improving patient care and outcomes. Purpose: This prospective observational study aimed to assess the prevalence of DRPs among patients with acute heart failure admitted to the Intensive Critical Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 150 patients using a standardised DRP Data Collection form. The Cipolle Classification was used to assess Drug-Related Problems. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28.1.1, with Pearson Chi-Square employed for p-value calculation. Results: Comorbidities were present in 96% of patients, with 56% prescribed between 11 and 20 drugs. Hospitalisations lasting 4 to 6 days were reported in 41.3% of cases. DRPs were identified in 92% of patients, totalling 344 instances. Adverse drug reactions and unnecessary drug therapy, particularly involving diuretics and antiplatelets, were the most common types of DRPs. Polypharmacy demonstrated a significant association with an increased risk of DRPs. Conclusion: This study highlights the common occurrence of DRPs among hospitalised heart failure patients. The findings underscore the need for pharmacist interventions to mitigate DRPs and improve patient outcomes. By contributing to the optimisation of pharmaceutical care in this patient population, this study provides valuable insights for healthcare providers aiming to enhance the quality of care for patients with acute heart failure.