Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosomes Loaded Polyherbal Gel for Pharyngitis

Background: Sore throat, or pharyngitis, is a common viral or bacterial infection. Conventional drug delivery techniques may not target inflamed areas due to their lack of specificity. To enhance treatment efficacy, improved vesicular drug delivery methods such as phytosomes must be developed. This study developed and evaluated a polyherbal phytosomal gel for pharyngitis treatment using Acalypha indica, Pergularia daemia and Coleus amboinicus extracts to improve drug bioavailability and targeted distribution. Materials and Methods: Extracts were produced from the three plants and subsequently combined to produce phytosomes using the antisolvent precipitation method. The evaluation parameters were percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, particle size and zeta potential. The gel vehicle forms were produced using a combination of excipients. Various quality parameters, such as homogeneity, pH, drug content, spreading and extruding properties, were evaluated as well. In vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammation studies were also evaluated. Results: Homogenous vesicle production with 72.5% yield, 86.94% entrapment efficiency, 158 nm particle size and -8 mV zeta potential were observed in phytosomes. Gels were homogeneous, pH was 5.1-5.4, drug concentration was good (82.37%-90.09%), viscosity was ideal (35123 centipoises) and Spreadability was adequate (3.9-4.1 cm). In vitro anti-inflammatory action decreased inflammation most in formulation F3. The compounds then showed strong antibacterial action against pharyngitis-associated pathogenic microorganisms. Conclusion: Synergizing phytosomes from the plants extracts in a polyherbal phytosomal gel may deliver particular drugs for pharyngitis. The new formulation has good qualities and potentially treats pharyngitis due to its in vitro anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. In vivo and clinical investigations are needed to prove its therapeutic efficacy and safety.