Impact of Widal Test Interference on Hemoglobin Levels in Typhoid Fever

Background: Salmonella typhi is the cause of enteric fever and typhoid disease. Due to the lack of clean drinking water and poor hygiene standards, it is most commonly found in underdeveloped countries. The infection's most noticeable symptom is a fever that gradually increases to a high plateau. Typhoid fever is becoming more common and this trend is linked to a number of hematological characteristics. This study investigates the demographic and hematological characteristics of individuals with typhoid fever, aiming to elucidate the complex interplay between age, gender, antigenic response and hemoglobin levels. Method: The study involved 150 patients from urban and rural areas, which were analyzed using venous blood and haemoglobin. The blood was extracted, mixed and pipetted onto a labeled filter paper. The absorption was read at 540 nm wavelength. The Widal test procedure involved bringing reagents and samples to room temperature and the slide screen and semi-quantitative method. Results: Out of 150 individuals, with 51% males and 49% females. Males had higher average hemoglobin levels, with the O-antigen group having the highest affected individuals. Females had slightly lower mean hemoglobin concentrations. Age and gender significantly influence hemoglobin levels, with a moderate positive correlation. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of typhoid fever and highlight the need for tailored interventions that account for demographic and hematological diversity to improve patient outcomes.