Aging and Immune Receptor Signaling: Molecular Mechanism Investigation to Pharmacological Intervention

Immunological receptor signaling maintains homeostasis and prevents infections. Significant immune system changes like immunosenescence decrease innate and adaptive immunity. This lowers resistance to cancer, autoimmune illnesses, and infections. Dysregulation of crucial immunological receptors, such as BCRs, TLRs, and TCRs, and disruptions in signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPKs, and JAK-STAT, in senescent immune cells, worsen immunosenescence. Targeting immune receptor signaling with drugs may reduce these effects. TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors substantially reduce chronic inflammation. Cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and T cell activation may revive the immune system. In older persons and others with weak immune systems, many artificial medications have been studied to boost immunity. These drugs reduce inflammation, modify immune receptor signaling, and boost innate and adaptive immune responses. These include imiquimod, IL-2 analogs, interferons, and rapamycin. Synthetic immune-boosting drugs are included. New pharmaceutical medicines may help elderly people fight immunosenescence and boost immunological resilience.