Development and Optimization of Cholesterol-Coated Phytosomes of Asparagus racemosus Methanolic Extract: Characterization and Antidiabetic Potential

Background

The presence of potential Phytoconstituents in Asparagus racemosus makes it plant of vital therapeutic importance.

Purpose

The efficacy of the phytoconstituents is less due to poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability. To enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of poorly soluble compounds in methanolic extract, synthesis of cholesterol-coated phytosomes was carried out.

Materials and Methods

Extraction was carried out using a Soxhlet apparatus using methanol as the solvent. The phytosomes were prepared by the ether injection method. The spectral, morphological and thermal analysis was carried out for the characterization of the nanoparticle. It was further evaluated for in vitro release and anti-diabetic activities in comparison to the extract.

Results

The nanoparticles have a mean particle size of 454.2±8.10 nm, zeta potential -42.80±7.5 mV, and a polydispersity index of 0.33. The spherical morphology with a concentric bilayer structure was confirmed by a microscopic study. FTIR and thermal analyses indicated chemical compatibility and good thermal stability.

Conclusion

The optimized formulation at 1:1:1 exhibited sustained release behavior. It also enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to the crude extract, due to improved permeability of the major adenosine-based purine alkaloid.