Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Epidemiology A Pharmacogenomic Approach

Background: The population-wise variation in proneness of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) has been studied in the manuscript. A population wise analysis of responsiveness towards colorectal cancer is carried out with genetic, epigenetic, metagenomic and environmental factors associated with APC mutation mainly responsible for CRC among eight different populations. Methods and Material: The APC mutation has been obtained using the ‘human gene mutation database-HGMD’ and the ‘international cancer genome consortium-ICGC’ Data Portal. The epigenetic factors affecting colon cancer have been identified through EpiGRAPH tool. The ‘human oral microbiome database (HOMD) and ‘comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD)’ are used to find the metagenomic factors affecting CRC. Results: Variants of APC gene from the selected ethnic classes chosen from Argentina, France, Germany, India, Poland, Romania, UK and USA were characterized, where the chromosome positions 112102966- 112177228 are found to be affected. It has been found that among epigenetic factors: chromosome organization, population variation, and evolutionary history are highly promising features for the prediction of DNA methylation. It has been found that consumption of linoleic acid, oleic acid, and lauric acid play a major role in preventing CRC. Conclusions: The chromosome positions 112102966- 112177228 are found to be the most prone region for APC mutation. Chromosome organization, population variation, and evolutionary history are highly promising epigenetic features for the prediction of DNA methylation and further mutation. The consumption of spices, coconut oil, fish (in coastal areas), dairy products and reduced intake of red meat may be the reasons for less incidence rate of CRC among the Indian population.