Evaluation of Balya Activity of Atibala (Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sw) in Cisplatin-Induced Muscle Atrophy Model

Background: Cisplatin, an antineoplastic drug, induces muscle atrophy in patients. Given this, investigating potential interventions such as nutritional supplements or medications to regulate catabolic processes, cellular damage and inflammatory responses emerges as a promising strategy for restoring muscle mass and strength. Drawing from the rich tradition of Ayurveda, Atibala (Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sw) is noted in the Balya Dashemani of Caraka Samhita for its reputed role in promoting muscle bulk and strength. In light of this, we undertook the present study to evaluate the potential of Atibala root decoction in enhancing health and counteracting muscle weakness induced by cisplatin in Wistar rats. Objectives: The primary aim was to evaluate the health-promoting (balya) activity of Atibala (Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sw) in an animal model. Additionally, we sought to assess its effectiveness in countering cisplatin-induced muscle weakness in the same animal model. Materials and Methods: 32 male Wistar rats, each weighing 150-200 g, were divided into five groups. Muscle weakness was induced by intraperitoneal injections of cisplatin on days 1, 8 and 15. Atibala Kashaya was administered daily. Muscle mass, strength, body weight, thigh circumference, running time on the rotarod, distance traveled in the actimeter and serum cortisol levels were assessed. Gastrocnemius muscle histopathology was also examined upon sacrifice at the end of the study. Results: Histopathological analysis revealed improved muscle growth in the Atibala Kashaya-treated groups. While no significant differences were observed in serum cortisol, rotarod and actimeter parameters between the groups, a mean difference was noted on Day 15 and Day 45. Significant improvements in weight and thigh circumference were found when analyzed within all groups.