Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Fruits of Lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) in ICR Mice

Cayetano, Ann C.; Atienza, Liezl M.; Estacio, Maria Amelita C.; Castillo-Israel, Katherine Ann T.; Desamero, Mark Joseph; Gapasin, Roxanne P.; Maniwang, Jonna C.; Navarro, Rohani C.; Sunico, Dianne Jane A.; Aranzado, James Ryan D.; Bainto-Ancheta, Loraine C.; Delomen, Joan I.; Tengco, Jonina Marie J.

doi:10.5530/pres.15.3.053

Research ArticlePharmacognosy ResearchVol. 15 | Issue 3 | 2026 | pp. 504–513Open access

Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Fruits of Lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) in ICR Mice

¹,
¹^*,
²,
³,
²,
²,
²,
⁴,
^1,5,
¹,
³,
¹,
¹

¹ Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Laguna, PHILIPPINES.
² Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UPLB, Laguna, PHILIPPINES.
³ Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, UPLB, Laguna, PHILIPPINES.
⁴ Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, PHILIPPINES.
⁵ Department of Science and Technology-Science Education Institute DOST Compound, Bicutan, Taguig City, PHILIPPINES.

Correspondence: Liezl M. Atienza
Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Laguna, PHILIPPINES.
Email: lmatienza@up.edu.ph

Published:: Aug 14, 2026
Received:: Feb 6, 2023
Accepted:: Apr 23, 2023
DOI:: 10.5530/pres.15.3.053

How to cite

Cayetano, A. C., Atienza, L. M., Estacio, M. A. C., Castillo-Israel, K. A. T., Desamero, M. J., Gapasin, R. P., Maniwang, J. C., Navarro, R. C., Sunico, D. J. A., Aranzado, J. R. D., Bainto-Ancheta, L. C., Delomen, J. I., & Tengco, J. M. J. (2026). Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Fruits of Lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) in ICR Mice. Pharmacognosy Research, 15(3), 504–513. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.15.3.053

Abstract

Background: Lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) is an indigenous fruit in the Philippines with potential functions against obesity and non-communicable diseases, but limited literature was available on its safety. Objectives: This study investigated the subacute toxicity effects of freeze-dried fruits of lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) on ICR mice. Materials and Methods: Ten male and ten female 6-week-old ICR mice were divided into two groups: (1) control (vehicle), and (2) lipote group, given with 2000 mg/kg body weight (BW) dose of freeze-dried lipote fruit powder reconstituted in distilled water. Results: After 28 days of oral gavage, the lipote group showed no significant changes on feed and water intake, and hematology and blood chemistry parameters were comparable with those of control group and published normal values. Body weights of all experimental animals also increased significantly (p<0.05), and no mortality, morbidity, or gross and microscopic morphological abnormalities of internal organs were noted. Conclusion: These results showed that 28-day oral consumption of freeze-dried lipote fruits is safe and has LD50 >2000 mg/kg.

Keywords

Subject

Article metadata

Title	Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Fruits of Lipote (Syzygium polycephaloides (C.B. Rob.) Merr.) in ICR Mice
Authors	Ann C. Cayetano; Liezl M. Atienza; Maria Amelita C. Estacio; Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel; Mark Joseph Desamero; Roxanne P. Gapasin; Jonna C. Maniwang; Rohani C. Navarro; Dianne Jane A. Sunico; James Ryan D. Aranzado; Loraine C. Bainto-Ancheta; Joan I. Delomen; Jonina Marie J. Tengco
Affiliations	Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Laguna, PHILIPPINES.; Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UPLB, Laguna, PHILIPPINES.; Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, UPLB, Laguna, PHILIPPINES.; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, PHILIPPINES.; Department of Science and Technology-Science Education Institute DOST Compound, Bicutan, Taguig City, PHILIPPINES.
Corresponding author	lmatienza@up.edu.ph
Journal	Pharmacognosy Research
Volume / Issue	Vol. 15, Issue 3 (2026)