Comparative Analysis of Multi-Solvent Tinospora cordifolia Fresh and Dry Leaf Extract Using Advanced Analytical Approaches

Background

Tinospora cordifolia is used worldwide for its medicinal properties, but its bioactive phytoconstituents have been less explored.

Objectives

The fresh and dry leaf extracts of Tinospora cordifolia, a traditional medicinal plant, were comparatively analysed for their phytochemical content and therapeutic potential.

Materials and Methods

Qualitative methods such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), antimicrobial assay and antioxidant assays such as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and phosphomolybdenum test were employed to interpret functional groups, chemical constituents, bacterial and fungal antimicrobial properties, and radical scavenging activity, respectively.

Results

Bioactive compounds were present more abundantly in Tinospora cordifolia dry leaf ethanol and aqueous extract. GC-MS chromatographic profiling identified about 189 bioactive compounds, while the FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of medicinally relevant phytoconstituents in Tinospora cordifolia leaves. The antioxidant assays, such as DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays, of the dry leaf extract showed promising dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity of Tinospora cordifolia.

Conclusion

Both fresh and dry leaf extracts showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The dry leaf extract, which has more antioxidants and antimicrobial properties than the fresh leaves.