Metabolomics Insight into PN01 and SA02: Anticancer Efficacy and Antidiabetic Enzyme Inhibition

Background

Cancer is a major global health problem, with nearly 10 million deaths recorded in 2020. Approximately 30% of cancers in low- and lower-middle-income nations stem from infectious agents like Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical Cancer (CC03) and HPV is now current issue all over the world especially Pakistani,breast cancer (BC04) and Colorectal Cancer (CRC05) are alarmingly common, while Pancreatic Cancer (PC06) is less frequent but has a high mortality rate. Diabetes also has highest prevalence rate globally, glucoamylase enzyme inhibition has reportedly providing a novel way in management of diabetes.

Purpose

Regular consumption of spices in an appropriate amount has been linked to reduce a death rate from chronic disorders.

Materials and Methods

Identification of phytochemicals of commonly used spices named; Piper nigrum L., (PN01) and Syzygium aromaticum (SA02) by GCMS and study their role in multiple cancer. Assay of glucoamylase enzyme inhibitory potential of PN01 and SA02 for diabetes management. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to find out the glucoamylase inhibitory potential of PN01 and SA02 at different parameters such as pH, temperature, time interval and days, which was carried out by using glucoxidase kit method. Statistical analysis was done by two-way ANOVA. For this purpose, phosphate buffer solution of PN01 and SA02 were used.

Results

Total 16 bioactive active compounds were found during GC-MS scanning of methanol PN01 fruits extract wherein major are caryophylline, d-limonene, piperine, α-pinene, copaene and α-caryophylline. Total 14 secondary metabolites identified in SA02 dried flower buds extract included eugenol (100%), caryophylline (31.39%), and phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl), acetate (23.76%), PN01 showed maximum glucoamylase inhibition at 60 min, (91.59±0.99), day 3 (89.94±1.23), 37ºC temperature (72.71±6.76) and at pH 5 (65.60 ± 4.56), while SA02 exerted significant glucoamylase inhibition at 37ºC (96.05±1.27), 60 min (92.39±2.52) and day 3(91.36±4.39).

Conclusion

The present study showed that PN01 and SA02 phytochemicals identified by GCMS are valuable for multiple cancer treatment. This study also provides the direct evidence that PN01 and SA02 extracts have great inhibitory potential of glucoamylase enzyme so; by using these ideal conditions it will be helpful in diabetes and obesity management.