Green-Synthesized Tribulus terrestris-Mediated CuO Nanoparticle-Loaded CS/PVA Hydrogels: A Multifunctional Platform for Cancer Therapy and Antidiabetic Applications

Objectives

In this work, we report on the preparation of CuO nanoparticles using extract from Tribulus terrestris as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, followed by the loading of the nanoparticles into the Chitosan/Poly (vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) hydrogel in order to design a multifunctional system for treating cancer and diabetes.

Materials and Methods

Firstly, CuO nanoparticles were synthesized using T. terrestris extract as natural sources for the reduction and stabilization process. Then, the CuO nanoparticles were introduced into the hydrogel by simple cross-linking process.

Results

The TEM results showed the homogeneous dispersion of CuO nanoparticles in the hydrogel. Moreover, FTIR studies proved the formation of chemical bond in both the polymeric matrix and plant extracts. Cytotoxic analysis of the loaded hydrogel indicated significant cell death in A549 cells with IC₅₀ of 8 µg/mL and cell morphology changes as well as fluorescent labeling, suggesting apoptosis. In vitro drug release test showed a two-stage release profile including a rapid initial release phase and sustained release for up to 24 hr. Moreover, the formulation also showed potential anti-diabetic activities due to its inhibition of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes.

Conclusion

The T. terrestris-mediated CuO nanoparticle-loaded CS/PVA hydrogel demonstrated promising anticancer and antidiabetic activities, indicating its potential as a multifunctional platform for cancer therapy and diabetes management.