History and Medicinal Properties of Cannabis

Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L. Fam. Cannabinaceae) has been cultivated and used for millennia for industrial purposes, as food, for recreational and religious purposes, but also as a medicine in the treatment of various pathologies or symptoms. This paper traces the cultural and medicinal history of Cannabis use, from the earliest human contact with the plant to its subsequent global expansion. The discovery of the endocannabinoid system in the 20th century started a new era of renewed scientific interest in the pharmacological properties of Cannabis, which enabled the successful integration of Cannabis into modern clinical practices. Due to the new evidence-based research of its potential therapeutic value, in the last few decades the support for its decriminalization and legalization for medicinal purposes has also been revived.