Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Possible Mechanism of Hepatoprotective Activity of Ficus microcarpa l. Fil. Bark Extracts in Ethanol-Induced Chronic Hepatic Injury in Rats

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the successive extracts of the FMB on ethanol induced chronic hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, to understand the mechanisms of its pharmacological actions, the in vivo antioxidant activity and major phytoconstituents of FMB were investigated. Methodology: Ficus microcarpa L. fil., (FM) is commonly known as ‘Indian Laurel’, is used for liver complaints in Indian traditional practice. The hepatoprotective effect of four successive extracts (petroleum ether 60-80o, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous) of FM bark (FMB) were studied in chronic ethanol induced liver damage. The protective potential measured by monitoring biochemical parameters and histopathological alterations. Result: The ethyl acetate extract of FMBE produce significant hepatoprotection by stabilizing the biochemical parameters in a dose dependent manner, comparable to that of standard drug, silymarin; also showed the positive involvement of endogenous antioxidant system. Further, it was confirmed by histology examination of liver. Phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of the phenolic and triterpenoids compounds such as catechin, oleanolic and betulinic acid. Conclusion: Hepatoprotective ability of FMB involves antioxidant mechanism associated with up-regulation of endogenous antioxidant system due to presence of phenolics and triterpenoids. Thus, the present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use in the management of chronic liver disorders.