Hepatoprotective Role of Melaleuca leucadendra and Cassia surattensis Extracts against Isoniazid and Rifampicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice

Background: Liver disorders arising from various causes, including infections, toxins, and certain medications, remain a significant global health challenge. Ongoing research focuses on the development of novel drug compounds to enhance liver protection and improve therapeutic outcomes. Thus, the present study aims to assess the hepatoprotective potential of two plant extracts, viz. Melaleuca leucadendra and Cassia surattensis in mitigating liver toxicity induced by Isoniazid (INZ) and Rifampicin (RIF) in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The hepatotoxicity was induced using INZ and RIF, and the protective effect of the extracts alone and in combination was assessed through a series of assays. Liver enzyme activities, Masson’s Trichrome (MT staining), and histopathological analysis were performed to evaluate the extent of liver damage and recovery. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze the countenance of NF-κB and the extent of fibrosis. The standard drug, N-acetylcysteine, was used for comparison. Results: Our results indicate that the combination of plant extracts significantly reduced liver enzyme levels, attenuated inflammation, and minimized histopathological damage, showing a similar protective effect as the standard drug N-acetyl cysteine. The IHC analysis revealed a molecular mechanism through which the plant combination exerts its hepatoprotective effects via modulating NF-κB. Conclusion: In conclusion, the plant combination demonstrates promising hepatoprotective activity as compared to individual extracts by exerting their antioxidative, antifibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially offering a natural therapeutic approach for liver injury caused by various chemotherapeutics.