Anticancer Potential of Didymin by Inducing Apoptosis in Thyroid Cancer TPC-1 Cells

Background: Thyroid cancer, a tumor arising from the thyroid gland, impacts a considerable portion of the population, with incidence rates exhibiting an upward trend globally. The mortality rates for thyroid cancer are rather low; yet, the increasing occurrence demands a comprehensive study of its epidemiology. Objectives: The present study assessed the efficacy of didymin in efficiently eliminating thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting viability and enhancing apoptosis, thereby hindering the growth of thyroid cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic levels of didymin against thyroid cancer TPC-1 cells were evaluated. The Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay was conducted using kits. Apoptotic cell death levels in the didymin-treated TPC-1 cells were evaluated using a dual staining technique. The caspase-3, -8, and -9 enzyme activities in the cells were evaluated using test kits. Results: The treatment of various concentrations of didymin significantly reduced the viability and increased the LDH activity in the thyroid cancer TPC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The didymin treatment at 20 µM concentration markedly enhanced apoptosis in TPC-1 cells. In addition, didymin treatment also markedly enhanced the caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in the TPC-1 cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, our present research demonstrates didymin as a promising antitumor agent for thyroid cancer in vitro by reducing cell growth and promoting caspase-mediated apoptosis in TPC-1 cells. These results highlight that didymin can be a hopeful option to treat thyroid cancer.