Determination and Quantification of Sodium and Potassium Levels in Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) Extract by Flame Emission Spectroscopy

Flame photometry is a sensitive technique for estimating alkali metals in pharmaceuticals and herbal extracts. It works on thermal excitation in a flame, causing desolvation, atomization, dissociation, and emission of light at characteristic wavelengths (589 nm for sodium and 766 nm for potassium). The emitted intensity is proportional to concentration. Calibration standards (200-600 µL) prepared from 1 g/L NaCl and KCl solutions showed non-linearity at higher concentrations due to self-absorption. The method effectively detected and quantified sodium and potassium in Brahmi extract. Potassium plays a key role in enhancing neuroprotective and nootropic effects by supporting neural signaling, muscle function, and electrolyte balance through Na/K ATPase activity. Sodium contributes to adaptogenic and antistress properties by maintaining fluid balance and proper nerve impulse transmission, supporting the overall pharmacological activity of Brahmi.