Assessment of Hematological and Biochemical Markers in Saudi Patients with Diabetes and Non-Diabetic Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disease that causes increased oxidative stress and a higher risk of cardiovascular problems, particularly Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). This paper tried to compare the biochemical, lipid, and oxidative stress parameters between diabetic and non-diabetic AMI patients in order to comprehend the metabolic changes associated with cardiac injury.

Purpose

The study aimed to compare biochemical, lipid, and oxidative stress markers among normal controls, non-diabetic AMI patients, and diabetic AMI patients. It also aimed to assess how diabetes influences myocardial injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in AMI.

Materials and Methods

600 subjects were assigned to three groups: Normal controls (n=200), Non-Diabetic AMI (ND-AMI, n=200), and Diabetic AMI (D-AMI, n=200). Blood samples collected after fasting were analyzed for cardiac markers (Troponin I, CK-MB, CRP), lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, HDL), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, Catalase, GSH). The statistical analysis of the data was performed using ANOVA, t-tests, and correlation in SPSS v24.

Results

The level of Troponin I, CK-MB, CRP, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, and MDA in the D-AMI patients was significantly higher than that of ND-AMI and Normals (p<0.001). On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in HDL, SOD, and GSH levels. There were positive correlations between Troponin I and CK-MB, CRP, LDL, MDA, and SOD, and GSH.

Conclusion

The results have shown that diabetic patients with AMI have more myocardial damage and inflammation with increased oxidative stress levels in comparison with non-diabetic patients with AMI. Lipid abnormalities and low antioxidant defenses during diabetes increase myocardial injury. The use of oxidative and biochemical markers to monitor may enhance risk prediction and therapy selection in AMI, particularly in populations with diabetes.