Ovarian Tissue Engineering on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Emerging Strategies for Fertility Restoration

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine illnesses affecting women of reproductive age. It is distinguished by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory failure, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The syndrome is frequently linked to metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, obesity, and an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Conventional therapy treatments, such as pharmaceutical treatment and assisted reproductive technologies, are largely concerned with symptom management and fertility induction, but frequently fail to address the underlying ovarian dysfunction. In recent years, developments in regenerative medicine and bioengineering have created new opportunities for restoring ovarian function. Ovarian tissue engineering is a promising strategy that uses biomaterials, cellular therapies, and advanced fabrication techniques to recreate the ovarian microenvironment and promote follicular formation. Biomimetic scaffolds, extracellular matrix-based constructions, and three-dimensional bioprinting platforms have shown promise for boosting folliculogenesis and hormone synthesis. Furthermore, technologies such as organ-on-chip systems and in vitro follicle maturation platforms offer new opportunities to investigate ovarian physiology and to develop targeted therapeutics. This study examines the pathogenesis of PCOS, the limitations of current treatment techniques, and new advances in ovarian tissue engineering approaches for restoring ovarian function and fertility. The combination of biomaterials, stem cell technologies, and microengineering platforms may enable individualised and regenerative therapeutic approaches in PCOS therapy.