Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Studies of Ethanol and Chloroform Extracts of Solanum giganteum Jacq. Leaves

Objectives: To investigate the acute and subacute oral toxicity of ethanol and chloroform extracts Solanum giganteum Jacq (SG) leaves in a rodent for evaluating its safety profile. Methods: Solanum giganteum Jacq leaves extract for the acute oral toxicity (300 to 5000 mg/kg) and subacute oral toxicity SG-Chloro (SGC 50, 200, 500 mg/kg) and SG-Alcohol (SGA 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg) studies were administered orally according to the guidelines 423 and 407 of OECD, respectively. Results: In the acute oral toxicity study, doses are administered by 300 mg/kg to 5000 mg/kg. SGA does not show toxicity up to 5000 mg/kg, SGC shows toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. In the subacute toxicity study, the daily oral treatment with extracts of SGA 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg, SGC 50, 200, 500 mg/kg of extracts for 28 days did not produce any death or hazard. Likewise, SGA 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg, SGC 50, 200 mg/kg of Solanum giganteum Jacq no significant changes were recorded in food intake, body weight gain, the biochemical and haematological parameter of control and treated rats. SGC 500 mg/ kg of significant changes were recorded in food intake and body weight gains were decreased compared to the control group. SGC 500 mg/kg of extract treaded group saw mild liver pathological findings characterized by abnormal hepatic configuration was observed with treated animals. Conclusion: The acute and subacute toxicity study Solanum giganteum Jacq alcohol extract is considered relatively safe on acute and subacute oral exposure. Solanum giganteum Jacq chloroform extract shows acute toxicity at dose 2000 mg/kg and in subacute toxicity study, higher dose 500 mg/kg.