Molecular docking Toxicological profile, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Leaves of Euphorbia indica (Lam.) from Saudi Arabia

Background: The present research predominantly aimed at the molecular docking, toxicological profile, antioxidant, and antidiabetic testing of Euphorbia indica leaves extract. Materials and Methods: Euphorbia indica Leaves Extract’s (EILE) phytochemical studies were examined for pharmacognostical profile. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay respectively. Similarly, the toxicity was estimated by measuring the rat's organs anatomical injury and antioxidant defense system. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed presence of flavonoid, saponin, carbohydrate, starch, gum, tannin, protein, glycoside, and phenols. EILE exhibited IC50 53.81±0.13 μg/mL comparably good DPPH scavenging while ascorbic acid showed IC50 at 46.71±0.24 μg/mL. In the method of alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, Acarbose exhibited an IC50: 19.45±0.26 μg/mL, while EILE rendered an IC50 value of 23.78±0.11 μg/mL. The sample was shown to be RBC hemocompatible and did not display behavioral changes in the functional observational battery (FOB) studying the in vivo analysis. Similarly, non-anatomical structure changes were seen in the experimental rat's organs. The extract-treated rats exhibited a comparable GSH level to normal control rats. Conclusion: EILE has well-defined pharmacognostic attributes, competent safety analysis, effective antioxidant and antidiabetic potential that display a definite possibility for comprehensive study for pharmacological application and molecular docking studies support it.