Profiling of Iron Weed: An Ethnopharmacological Approach

Background: Baccharoides anthelmintica L., known as Iron weed or Kali Jeeri, is a traditional medicinal plant used for treating asthma, sores, inflammation, and various other ailments. It boasts pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and larvicidal properties. Despite its therapeutic potential, comprehensive anatomical information, particularly macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical parameters, and HPTLC fingerprinting is lacking, which is crucial for its authentication and prevention of adulteration. Objective: This study aims a detailed analysis focusing on its pharmacognostical, physicochemical, phytochemical parameters, and HPTLC fingerprinting to detect alkaloids and diterpenes contributing to its medicinal properties in both whole plant and seed forms. Materials and Methods: The whole plants and seeds of Baccharoides anthelmintica L. were collected and macroscopic and microscopic features were documented for identification. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, ash value, and extractive values were determined using standard protocols. Preliminary phytochemical screening identified bioactive compounds, while HPTLC analysis fingerprinted alkaloids and diterpenes. Results: All parameters examined in this study, revealed distinctive features aiding in identification, differentiating from potential adulterants, provided essential data for standardization and quality control. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids and diterpenes, supporting its traditional uses. HPTLC fingerprinting validated the presence of these compounds, highlighting the plant's pharmacological potential. Conclusion: This comprehensive data enhances our understanding of Baccharoides anthelmintica L. through pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and phytochemical perspectives. It provides crucial data for authentication, quality assessment, and utilization in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical sectors, supporting sustainable healthcare practices.