Tamarindus indica L. Seed Hydroalcoholic Extract as a Natural Inhibitor for Urolithiasis: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo Studies

Background

Urolithiasis remains a recurrent condition that affects patients’ quality of life and causes significant mortality. Once common in Afro-Asian regions, its prevalence is rising in India and other tropical countries.

Objectives

This study explores the therapeutic potential of Tamarindus indica L. Seed Hydroalcoholic Extract (TISHE) against urolithiasis.

Materials and Methods

In vitro dissolution assays demonstrated TISHE's capacity to dissolve crystals of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. An in vivo rat model of urolithiasis was induced by administering 0.75% Ethylene Glycol (EG) over 28 days, resulting in calcium oxalate crystal formation and altered urine parameters. From day 15 to 28, rats received TISHE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, and treatment with a standard Cystone® tablet (150 mg/kg).

Results

TISHE treatment significantly improved urinary biochemical markers, increasing creatinine and magnesium while reducing calcium, calcium oxalate, phosphorus, urea, and uric acid levels (p<0.001). Plasma analysis revealed normalized electrolytes and nitrogenous waste. Oxidative stress markers showed decreased malondialdehyde and increased glutathione and catalase in kidneys, indicating amelioration of oxidative damage (p<0.001).

Conclusion

TISHE demonstrated potential in dissolving kidney stones, restoring biochemical balance, and protecting renal tissue from oxidative injury, suggesting its promise as a therapeutic agent in urolithiasis management.