Identification of Phytoconstituents of Memecylon sisparense Gamble Leaf and Evaluation against Cisplatin‑induced Oxidative Renal Damage in Mice

Background: Memecylon sisparense Gamble (MSG) belongs to Melastomataceae family, having a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti‑inflammatory. Objective: The present study aimed for the first time toward the identification of biologically active compounds in MSG leaf ethyl acetate extract (MSGLEAE) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‑MS) analysis and compared with docking studies along with its nephroprotective activity against cisplatin (CP)‑induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Materials and Methods: MSGLEAE was subjected to GC‑MS analysis and molecular docking studies. Swiss albino male mice were treated with MSGLEAE (250, 500 mg/kg, PO) against CP 12 mg/kg IP evaluated for nephroprotective activity. The changes in renal tissue were assessed from serum biochemical renal toxicity, antioxidant stress markers along with histopathological studies. Results: Out of 41 compounds identified, 20 were found having biological activities such as nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial and inhibition of uric acid production. The nephroprotective active compounds (N,N,O‑triacetylhydroxylamine, 2(4H)‑benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a‑tetrahydro‑4,4,7a‑trimethyl‑, N‑{(4‑hydroxy‑3‑methoxyphenyl) methyl}‑8‑methyl‑6‑nonenamide) had shown binding energy of −5.27, −5.98, −5.27 (∆G(Kcal/mol)), respectively, in docking studies. MSGLEAE showed a significant protective effect against CP‑induced nephrotoxicity because of the identified compounds by reducing the oxidative stress in renal tissue evident by histopathological studies. Conclusion: This is the first ever report in terms of identification of bioactive constituents in MSGLEAE. Pretreatment has a significant therapeutic benefit during CP therapy by inhibiting oxidative stress, enhancing nephroprotective activity.