Amelioration of Doxorubicin‑Induced Cardiotoxicity by Oral Lyophilized Dunaliella salina Supplement in a Female Wistar Rat Model with Active Estrous Cycle and Surgical Menopause

Background: The genus <em>Cissus</em> (Vitaceae) is known for its medicinal properties. <em>Cissus quadrangularis</em> L. is a well-known medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for bone healing. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of <em>Cissus quadrangularis</em> (MECQ) stem. Materials and Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. The antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and total phenolic content (TPC) determination. Results: MECQ showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner. In the antioxidant assays, MECQ exhibited potent radical scavenging activity and high phenolic content. Conclusion: The results suggest that <em>Cissus quadrangularis</em> possesses significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may contribute to its traditional medicinal uses.