Oroxylum indicum Kurz (L.) Seed Extract Exerts Antioxidant and Anti‑Inflammatory Effects on Lipopolysaccharide‑Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant role of OIS extract in a neuroinflammatory model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated microglia cells. Materials and Methods: BV2 microglial cells were treated with OIS extract in the presence or absence of LPS for 24 h. Subsequently, the levels of interleukin (IL)‑6, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected through enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay, Griess reagent, and the 2’,7’‑dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe, respectively. In vitro antioxidant capacity was assessed through the 2,2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2‑azinobis (3‑ethylbenzothiazoline‑6‑sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents were also investigated. Results: OIS extract increased the levels of antioxidants detected by the DPPH and ABTS assays. The total flavonoid and phenolic content of OIS extract was 325.64 ± 4.95 and 50.47 ± 1.53 mg/g of dried extract, respectively. In addition, the levels of IL‑6, NO, and ROS significantly decreased in LPS‑induced BV2 microglia cells following treatment with OIS compared with the control. Conclusion: Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated the antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties of OIS in activated‑BV2 cells. Thus, OIS extract may be used as a potential source of nutraceuticals for the development of health food supplements or as a novel anti‑inflammatory herbal medicine.