Cardioprotective Effect of Plumbagin and Amelioration of Pro‑Inflammatory Cytokines through Suppression of Na+/ K+‑ATPase on Myocardial Ischemia

Objective: Herein, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of plumbagin in isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO)‑induced inflammatory response and increase in antioxidant enzymes and Na+/K+‑ATPase activity in MI rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into four groups: Vehicle control group (0.1%), plumbagin group (25 mg/kg/b.w.), ISO group (85 mg/kg/b.w.) injected subcutaneously for 2 days at 24 h interval after a week to induce MI, and plumbagin (25 mg/kg/b.w.) by oral administration for 1 month. The inflammatory and cardiac markers were examined using ELISA kits. The oxidative markers, antioxidant markers, and Na+/K+‑ATPase activity was detected using standard methods. Results: According to our results, plumbagin significantly increased the activities of creatine kinase and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). It significantly restored the levels of lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] and lipid hydroperoxide), increased the antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione [GSH] peroxidase, and the content of GSH), and decreased the levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin‑6, and nuclear factor kappa B). Histological studies also reveal the decreased inflammatory signs and tissue damages. Conclusion: Our results indicate that plumbagin increased antioxidant enzymes, reduced inflammatory response, and reduced Na+/K+‑ATPase activity in rats with MI. Hence, we recommended that plumbagin confers effective cardioprotective activity against ISO‑induced MI heart injury.