Schisandrin A Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction and Regulates RhoA/ROCK1 Pathway in Rats with Streptozotocin‑induced Type 1 Diabetes

Background: The genus <em>Crotalaria</em> (Fabaceae) is known for its diverse pharmacological activities. <em>Crotalaria pallida</em> Aiton is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for various ailments. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of <em>Crotalaria pallida</em> Aiton leaves. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical screening was performed using standard qualitative tests. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the protein denaturation inhibition assay. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenols. The extract showed significant total phenolic (145.32 ± 2.14 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (89.45 ± 1.56 mg QE/g) contents. The extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity in both DPPH (IC50 = 45.23 µg/mL) and FRAP assays. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 62.15 µg/mL. Conclusion: The results suggest that <em>Crotalaria pallida</em> Aiton leaves possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which could be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.