PLENARY LECTURES

1. ¹ Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, 2Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, 3Institute for forage crops Kruševac, Trg kosturnice 50, 37000 Kruševac, 4Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Hypericum species are characterized by presence of secretory structures, situated on leaves and fl ower parts, mainly sepals and petals. Secretory tissues (black nodules, translucent glands, secretory channels) are sites of synthesis and accumulation of active substances. Secretory structures are an important feature for species identifi cation and subgeneric classifi cation. Distribution of secretory structures within plant organs, their number and size were analyzed in 15 species from the Balkan region, including both widely distributed species and locally rare and/or endemic ones (e.g. H. richeri, H. rumeliacum, H. cerastoides). The highest number of leaf marginal and laminar black nodules was determined for H. richeri (3.85 ± 0.53 per mm2) and H. perforatum (0.93 ± 0.26), respectively. The largest translucent glands were found on leaves of H. maculatum (126.29 ± 19.2 μm), but absent in few studied species, such as H. alpigenum and H. Pharmacognosy Magazine | Apr-Jun 2010 | Vol 6 | Issue 22 (Suppl.) S35 Abstracts Book of 6th CMAPSEEC richeri. Differences in secretory structures were studied by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and application of multivariate statistics (discriminant analysis, correspondence analysis, cluster analysis) to estimate whether such variability is related to classifi cation systems of the genus. Preliminary study on possible relations between hypericine content and secretory structures in several chosen species showed signifi cance of size of leaf black nodules. PL-5 Recent advances in phytochemistry of bryophytes: chemical diversity and biological activity Y. Asakawa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan The present paper concerns with secondary metabolites and their biological activity of the Marchantiophyta (=liverworts) [Fig.1]. Almost all liverworts possess beautiful cellular oil bodies [Fig. 2]. Over several hundred new compounds have been isolated from bryophytes. More than 40 new carbon skeletal terpenoids have been found in liverworts. Liverworts are also rich sources of bis-bibenzyl [e.g. Marchantin A (1)] which are one of the most characteristic compounds from the liverworts. It is also noteworthy that most of sesqui- and diterpenoids found in the liverworts are enantiomers of those found in higher plants. Some Figure 1: Ptychanthus striatus O OH OH O OH Marchantin A (1) Figure 2: Oil bodies of Frullania species of the isolated compounds from liverworts show characteristic scents, pungency and bitterness, allergenic contact dermatitis, cytotoxicity, anti-HIV and DNA polymeraseβ inhibition, antimicrobial and antifungal activity, insect antifeedant and mortality, nematocidal activity, superoxide anion radical release, 5-lipoxygenase, calmodulin, hyaluronidase, cyclooxygenase and NO production inhibitory activity, and plant growth inhibition, neurotrophic and muscle relaxing activity, cardiotonic, piscicidal and anti-obesity activity [1-4]. Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for the Scientifi c Research (A) (No. 11309021) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. References 1. Asakawa, Y. Chemical Constituents of Hepaticae. In Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. 42, 1-285, Springer, Vienna, 1982. 2. Asakawa, Y. Chemical Constituents of the Bryophytes. In Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products. 65, 1-618, Springer, Vienna, 1995. 3. Asakawa, Y. Curr. Pharm. Design 14, 3067-3088 (2008). 4. Asakawa, Y. et al. Heterocycles 77, 99-150 (2009). PL-6 Phytochemicals with diverse pharmacological activity from medicinal plants; are they panacea to cure all? E. Yeşilada Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey Plants have become a resource for protection of health and treatment of ailments for human being since the beginning of history. Whole plants or their extracts which were used as remedy for thousands of years by man had yielded active pharmaceutical agents as a consequence of the progresses in chemistry and pharmacological methods after 19th century. However, due to loss of the synergistic or antagonistic interactions inside the active extracts during this purifi cation processes, most of these pure phytochemicals exerted lesser effi cieny then their original extracts. Therefore it has recently rediscovered that synergistic or antagonistic interactions in herbal extracts are crucial for effi ciency and safety. Another recently introduced strategy in the western phytotherapy system is “Multitarget Therapy”. Designation and combination.

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