Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Lice Activity of Annona squamosa Leaves

Background: Annona squamosa is a medicinal plant traditionally used for various therapeutic applications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and anti-lice activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Annona squamosa leaves. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins, while amino acids were absent. Tannins were found in abundant quantity, and flavonoids, glycosides, and saponins were present in high amounts. The extract showed dark greenish brown color, characteristic odor, sticky consistency, and 15% yield. Fluorescence analysis of leaf powder showed characteristic colour changes under visible and UV light, supporting its pharmacognostic identification. Results and Discussion: The anti-lice activity was evaluated against head lice using 2.5%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of extract, with 5% benzyl benzoate as standard. The hydroalcoholic extract exhibited significant concentration-dependent activity. The 10% extract showed the highest effect with 95% mortality and mean death time of 15.23±0.21 min, followed by 5% extract (80%) and 2.5% extract (58%). The standard showed 100% mortality within 14.47±0.38 min, while the control showed no activity. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Annona squamosa leaves contained important bioactive phytochemicals and showed significant concentration-dependent anti-lice activity. The 10% extract produced 95% lice mortality, comparable to benzyl benzoate. These results support its traditional use as a natural pediculicidal agent. Further studies are needed to evaluate its safety, isolate active compounds, and develop effective formulations.