Association between Menopausal Status and Rheumatoid Arthritis Progression: A Case-Control Study

Rheumatoid arthritis, a widespread autoimmune inflammatory joint disorder characterised by the presence of autoantibody elevation in serum, especially Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Antibodies to Citrullinated Proteins/Peptides (ACPAs). It affects both males and females of all ages. Risk factors includes various genetic and environmental parameters as well as dietary habits. The case-control study comprised 200 participants diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis, residing in Punjab, and aged between 30 to 60 years. Demographic and socioeconomic data were compiled through a self-administered information sheet followed by statistical analysis. The study found that post-menopausal women experienced severe symptoms as compared to pre-menopausal and male counterparts indicating age and hormones as risk factors for developing RA. The present study concluded that hormonal fluctuations following menopause may contribute to increased bone resorption, consequent inflammation and heightening RA symptomology in postmenopausal women.