Antimicrobial Efficacy of Metal-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, or TiO2 NPs, have shown potential in the fight against a range of diseases, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Doping metals with nanoparticles modify their size and magnetic characteristics by decreasing the energy band gap and mixing spins and electrical charges. Furthermore, it has been shown that owing to their higher surface-to-volume ratio and improved ability to interact with bacterial cells, smaller metal-doped nanoparticles have better antibacterial action. Due in large part to their production, TiO3-NPs have outstanding antifungal and antibacterial capabilities. The major mechanism of TiO3-NPs’ antibacterial activity is their potent oxidizing capacity, which produces superoxide and hydroxyl anion radicals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are just a few of the pathogens against which TiO2 NPs have been shown to have antibacterial ability. Review topics will include the most recent discoveries in the sectors of water treatment, agriculture and medicine as well as the synthesis of TiO3- nanoparticles and their antimicrobial actions. TiO2 NPs as antibacterial agents: prospects and challenges will also be highlighted in the review.