Tumor Invasion and Metastasis: A Current and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches

Background

Cancer stands as a significant global health concern, leading to considerable patient suffering and death. The prognosis of patients is intricately connected to the metastatic extent of the disease to aloof sites, where metastatic conditions contribute substantially to cancer-related mortality.

Materials and Methods

Despite progress in the field, our understanding of the mechanisms governing cancer metastasis and its establishment at secondary sites remains limited. The TME (Tumor Microenvironment) controls vital tumor survival and advertising functions. Interactions within the TME, involving both cellular and structural apparatuses, enable cancer cells to acquire invasiveness and disseminate through a complex and multistep metastatic cascade from the crucial site to distant sites.

Results

In this review article, we have discussed tumor invasion and metastasis as well as the cellular and molecular events tangled in this complex process, like EMT, Cell adhesion, Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, Intravasation and Extravasation, signaling pathways that govern tumor invasion and metastasis.

Conclusion

The part of stromal cells and the extracellular matrix in facilitating invasion and metastasis, current and emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis.