Lactate Dehydrogenase: A Pragmatic Diagnostic Tool for Periodontitis and Diabetes

Background: Many biomarkers were evaluated in the last few years for different sort of diseases, among them some may have the common biomarkers. Salivary lactate dehydrogenase is used as a bio marker for diagnosing periodontitis as well as diabetes. The current study tries to find the correlation between periodontitis and diabetes as they share the same biomarker. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 90 patients, dividing into 3 groups based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The clinical parameters like, gingival index, oral hygiene index- simplified, depth of periodontal pocket, and clinical attachment loss were recorded. Saliva of these patients was collected and the levels of LDH are examined in those samples for further analysis. Results: All of the clinical indicators, including GI, OHI-S, PPD, CAL and levels of HbA1c showed a significant difference. All clinical indicators, as well as HbA1c levels, were found to be greatest in Group B (PD+DM) patients. Salivary LDH levels were also shown to follow a similar pattern, with Group B having the highest levels, followed by Group A, then Group C. The subjects’ HbA1c levels and salivary LDH levels were shown to have a significant correlation. Conclusion: Salivary LDH can be used as a biomarker to detect any tissue damage or inflammation that transpires throughout an illness. The identification of this enzyme might be a pragmatic diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of periodontitis and diabetes. To affirm the outcomes and employ the test in future, further research on LDH should be done in larger sample sizes.