Dry Powder Inhaler Formulation of Remdesivir Mucoadhesive Nanoparticle for Respiratory Diseases

Background: Remdesivir is a antiviral drug, which has approved in COVID-19 pandemic as emergency use. In order to solubilize the remdesivir in injection form, Sulfobutylether-Beta- Cyclodextrin (SBECD) is used as solubility enhancer. Since SBECB is excreted by the kidney and it is contradicted for patients with severe renal impairment. Objectives: This research aim to formulate and evaluate the dry powder inhaler formulation of remdesivir mucoadhesive nanoparticle for respiratory diseases. Materials and Methods: The nanoparticle was prepared by nanoprecipitation method using PLGA and Chitosan, the prepared nanoparticle was subjeted to various studies include physiochemical characterization, mucoadhesive properties. The formulation has loaded in Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) and evaluated its dispensing properties. Results: The prepared nanoparticle has spherical shape with 104.6 nm in size and zeta potential of -12.7 mV. The nanoparticle has 72.06% of entrapment efficiency with significant in sustained drug release of 85.1% at 48 hr. The mucoadhesive nanoparticle showed negligible damage in epithelial integrity with DPI emitted dose of 87.02% and MMAD of 2.90 μm. The prepared nanoparticle showed significant mucoadhesive strength of 77.1% with lungs mucosa. Conclusion: Based on the above studies, remdesivir mucoadhesive nanoparticle deliver through DPI, it could be the best alternative route of administration during emergency situation.