Open access · Peer reviewed · No APCs
Research ArticlePharmacognosy ResearchVol. 16 | Issue 3 | 2026 | pp. 483–489Open access
Camel Milk Supplemented with Fenugreek Seeds Improve Lipid Profile, Atherogenic Index and Antioxidative Status in Animal Model of Cardiovascular Disorders
- 1,
- 1,
- 2*,
- 1,
- 2,
- 3,
- 1,
- 1,
- 1,
- 4,
- 5,
- 6,
- 1,7
- 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraidah, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 3 Department of Medical Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAUDI ARABIA.
- 4 Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha, QATAR.
- 5 Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
- 6 School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UNITED KINGDOM.
- 7 Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, EGYPT.
Published in Pharmacognosy Research
Correspondence: Waleed Al Abdulmonem
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, SAUDI ARABIA.
Email: dr.waleedmonem@qu.edu.sa
Copyright: © 2026 Manuscript Technomedia. This is an open access article.
- Published:
- Aug 14, 2026
- Received:
- Apr 10, 2023
- Accepted:
- Jun 12, 2023
- DOI:
- 10.5530/pres.16.3.58
How to cite
Althwab, S. A., Alharby, T. A., Abdulmonem, W. A., Musa, K. H., Rasheed, Z., Aljohani, A. S. M., Almujaydil, M. S., Alghonaim, B. Y., Alharbi, N. A., Rajabi, A. A., Khan, M. I., Fernández, N., & Hamad, E. M. (2026). Camel Milk Supplemented with Fenugreek Seeds Improve Lipid Profile, Atherogenic Index and Antioxidative Status in Animal Model of Cardiovascular Disorders. Pharmacognosy Research, 16(3), 483–489. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.16.3.58
Abstract
Background: Despite of advancement in the technology and an improvement in handing of patients with atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) but the mortality associated with them remains to be highest in all over the globe. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) has now been considered to be a best indicator for the analysis of atherosclerosis and CVDs. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential of Fermented camel Milk (FM) and Fenugreek seed powder (FG) on the animal model of CVDs. Materials and Methods: The animal models of atherosclerosis and CVDs were made by feeding of rats with high fat and cholesterol diets and the effect of FM supplemented with FG either alone or in a combination (FGFM) were tested on the lipid profile and AIP by Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity, Total Cholesterol (TC) and small dense Low-Density Lipoprotein (sd-LDL). Results: The data revealed that FM, FG and their combination potentially increased in TAC level (p<0.05) and decreased in lipid peroxidation via reduction in the serum concentrations of MDA. Whereas, experimental rats on FM were fully restored GPx activity. Moreover, FM and FG and their combination lowered TC and sd-LDL concentrations significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: The novel findings of this study clearly indicated that the FG, FM and FGFM have potential in preventing the onset of atherosclerosis and CVDs by reducing the levels of sd-LDL and improving lipids profile, AIP and antioxidant capacity.
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Article metadata
| Title | Camel Milk Supplemented with Fenugreek Seeds Improve Lipid Profile, Atherogenic Index and Antioxidative Status in Animal Model of Cardiovascular Disorders |
|---|---|
| Authors | Sami A. Althwab; Thekra A. Alharby; Waleed Al Abdulmonem; Khalid H. Musa; Zafar Rasheed; Abdullah S. M. Aljohani; Mona S. Almujaydil; Bashayr Y. Alghonaim; Nasser A. Alharbi; Ala Al Rajabi; Muhammad Ismail Khan; Nelson Fernández; Essam M. Hamad |
| Affiliations | Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraidah, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Medical Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAUDI ARABIA.; Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha, QATAR.; Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.; School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UNITED KINGDOM.; Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, EGYPT. |
| Corresponding author | dr.waleedmonem@qu.edu.sa |
| Journal | Pharmacognosy Research |
| Volume / Issue | Vol. 16, Issue 3 (2026) |
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