Pharmacognostic Approach to the Green Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Copper Sulphide Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Catharanthus roseus Leaves

Background

Our study focused on the green synthesis of copper (II) complexes using the leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and alkaloids, which are believed to function as natural reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents in the synthesis process. These copper complexes were intended for use in antimicrobial dusting powders for wound healing applications.

Materials and Methods

Multiple techniques were used to analyze the biosynthesized copper (II) complexes, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that the average size of the particles was 3.4 nm. Surface plasmon resonance peaks were identified at 312 and 330 nm for the biosynthesized copper complex and at 393 and 369 nm for the pure plant extract. The synthesized copper complex and plant extract were incorporated into a dusting powder formulation. Several physicochemical characteristics of the powder were studied, including particle size, surface area, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, and volume. The well diffusion technique was used to investigate the antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Plates inoculated with bacterial cultures were incubated at 37ºC for 48 hr.

Results

The copper complex remained stable over a six-month period, showing no agglomeration. The copper-enriched dusting powder demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, producing notable zones of inhibition compared to the plant extract formulation. The formulation displayed high permeability, rapid subcutaneous penetration, enhanced microcirculation, and accelerated histolytic tissue regeneration.

Conclusion

The green-synthesized copper (II) complex derived from Catharanthus roseus exhibits promising antibacterial properties and enhanced wound healing potential. The copper-enriched dusting powder outperformed the pure plant extract formulation in antimicrobial activity and formulation characteristics, indicating its potential application in managing chronic wounds and preventing infections in medical and surgical contexts.