A Review on Pharmacological Studies and Phytochemistry of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa

The traditional medicinal herb Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa, also referred to as bilva or bael, has a long history in India's Ayurvedic system. Ancient writings such as the Charka Samhita and the Vedas describe its medicinal applications. The substantial study on its phytochemistry, pharmacological characteristics, and therapeutic potential is compiled in this review. Bioactive chemicals are abundant in the plant's leaves, bark, fruits, and roots, among other sections. More than 100 different phytonutrients have been identified, with coumarins (such Luvangetin and Marmelosin), alkaloids (like Fagarine and Skimmianine), phenols, and flavonoids being important components. In terms of nutrition, the fruit pulp is a significant source of vitamin C and carbs. Many of its traditional uses have been verified by pharmacological investigations. Because it inhibits the absorption of glucose and increases the synthesis of insulin, the plant has strong antidiabetic effects. With extracts exhibiting cytotoxic activities against breast cancer cells and chemopreventive activity in skin tumor models, it has shown encouraging anticancer characteristics. Strong antidiarrheal and antiulcer properties, the latter of which are ascribed to bolstering the mucosal defense, justify its traditional usage for gastrointestinal problems. A. marmelos also has strong anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound-healing, retroprotective, and cardioprotective properties. According to toxicological research, the plant is usually thought to be safe. In order to improve its effectiveness in treating diseases like diabetes and cancer, A. marmelos's future prospects include creating cutting-edge drug delivery systems including phytosomes, microspheres, and nanoparticles. According to this review, A. marmelos is a multipurpose medicinal plant with potential for contemporary therapeutic uses that is supported by science.