Neuroprotective compounds of Tilia amurensis

Background: Tilia amurensis (Tiliacese) has been used for anti‑tumor and anti‑inflammatory in Korea, China, and Japan. Objective: In this study, we isolated five compounds from T. amurensis and determined whether protected neuronal cells against glutamate‑induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells. Materials and Methods: Compounds were isolated using chromatographic techniques including silica gel, Sephadex LH‑20 open column and high performance liquid chromatography analysis, and evaluated neuroprotective effect in HT22 cells by 3‑(4,5‑dimethythiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Results: β‑D‑fructofuranosyl α‑D‑glucopyranoside (1), (‑)‑epicatechin (2), nudiposide (3), lyoniside (4), and scopoletin (5) were isolated by bioactivity‑guided fractionation from the ethyl acetate fraction of T. amurensis. Among them, (‑)‑epicatechin, nudiposide, lyoniside, and scopoletin had significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate‑injured neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that compound two, three, four, and five have a pronounced protective effect against glutamate‑induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells.