Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Three Gelatinous Chinese Medicines and Their Authentications by Tryptic‑digested Peptides Profiling using Matrix‑assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization‑time of Flight/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Background: Gelatinous Chinese medicines (GCMs) including Asini Corii Colla, Testudinis Carapacis ET Plastri Colla, and Cervi Cornus Colla, were made from reptile shell or mammalian skin or deer horn, and consumed as a popular tonic, as well as hemopoietic and hemostatic agents. Misuse of them would not exert their functions, and fake or adulterate products have caused drug market disorder and affected food and drug safety. GCMs are rich in denatured proteins, but insufficient in available DNA fragments, hence commonly used cytochrome c oxidase I barcoding was not successful for their authentication. Objective: In this study, we performed comparative proteomic analysis of them and their animal origins to identify the composition of intrinsic proteins for the first time. Materials and Methods: A reliable and convenient approach was proposed for their authentication, by the incorporation of sodium dodecyl sulfate‑polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two‑dimensional electrophoresis, and matrix‑assisted laser desorption/ionization‑time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‑TOF/TOF‑MS). Results: A total of 26 proteins were identified from medicinal parts of original animals, and GCMs proteins presented in a dispersive manner in electrophoresis analyses due to complicated changes in the structure of original proteins caused by long‑term decoction and the addition of ingredients during their manufacturing. In addition, by comparison of MALDI‑TOF/TOF‑MS profiling, 19 signature peptide fragments originated from the protein of GCM products were selected according to criteria. Conclusion: These could assist in the discrimination and identification of adulterates of GCMs and other ACMs for their form of raw medicinal material, the pulverized, and even the complex.