Phytochemical Investigation and Bioactivities of Alternanthera ramosissima (Mart.) Chodat and Hassl.

Background: Since there are many researches of phytochemical and bioactivities from genus Alternanthera but did not have any reports from Alternanthera ramosissima. Objective: The objective of the study is to isolate, identify, and determine the bioactivities of the chemicals in this plant, which has not been reported. Materials and Methods: Bioactivity studies of A. ramosissima ethanol extracts were as cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells (human breast carcinoma cell (MCF-7), human cervical carcinoma cell (KB), human cervix adenocarcinoma cell (HeLa) and human colon adenocarcinoma cell (HT-29)) and anti‑inflammation. Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were used for the isolation and identification of pure compounds. Results: A. ramosissima extracts had the potential effects of cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells and anti‑inflammation. Six compounds were isolated; two mixture compounds as the mixture of β‑sitosterol and stigmasterol, the mixture of spinasterol and stigmast‑7‑en‑3 β‑ol; and four pure compounds as β‑sitosterol‑D‑glucoside, 7‑O‑β‑D‑glucopyranosyl chrysoeriol, 7‑O‑(6”‑O‑Acetyl)‑β‑D‑glucopyranosyl chrysoeriol, and kaempferol‑3‑O‑β‑rutinoside. The isolated compounds were determined the cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells and anti‑inflammatory activity. The results showed that all of them did not have cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells. However, the isolated compounds; 7‑O‑β‑D‑glucopyranosyl chrysoeriol and 7‑O‑(6”‑O‑Acetyl)‑β‑D‑glucopy ranosyl chrysoeriol exhibited the potential effect of anti‑inflammation by nitric oxide inhibition with IC50 as 25.30 and 39.81 µM, respectively, when compared with the positive standards; indomethacin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and L‑nitroarginine which showed nitric oxide inhibition with IC50 as 50.30, 5.62, and 61.80 µM, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first report of chemicals and bioactivities of A. ramosisima and the first report of cytotoxic and anti‑inflammatory activities of isolated compounds; 7‑O‑β‑D‑glucopyranosyl chrysoeriol and 7‑O‑(6”‑O‑Acetyl‑)‑β ‑D‑glucopyranosyl chrysoeriol.